bSRWPSO-FKNN: A boosted PSO with fuzzy K-nearest neighbor classifier for predicting atopic dermatitis disease

IntroductionAtopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic disease with extreme itching that bothers patients. However, diagnosing AD depends on clinicians’ subjective judgment, which may be missed or misdiagnosed sometimes.MethodsThis paper establishes a medical prediction model for the first time on the basis of the enhanced particle swarm optimization (SRWPSO) algorithm and the fuzzy K-nearest neighbor (FKNN), called bSRWPSO-FKNN, which is practiced on a dataset related to patients with AD. In SRWPSO, the Sobol sequence is introduced into particle swarm optimization (PSO) to make the particle distribution of the initial population more uniform, thus improving the population’s diversity and traversal. At the same time, this study also adds a random replacement strategy and adaptive weight strategy to the population updating process of PSO to overcome the shortcomings of poor convergence accuracy and easily fall into the local optimum of PSO. In bSRWPSO-FKNN, the core of which is to optimize the classification performance of FKNN through binary SRWPSO.ResultsTo prove that the study has scientific significance, this paper first successfully demonstrates the core advantages of SRWPSO in well-known algorithms through benchmark function validation experiments. Secondly, this article demonstrates that the bSRWPSO-FKNN has practical medical significance and effectiveness through nine public and medical datasets.DiscussionThe 10 times 10-fold cross-validation experiments demonstrate that bSRWPSO-FKNN can pick up the key features of AD, including the content of lymphocytes (LY), Cat dander, Milk, Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus/Farinae, Ragweed, Cod, and Total IgE. Therefore, the established bSRWPSO-FKNN method practically aids in the diagnosis of AD

Feedforward Control Based on Error and Disturbance Observation for the CCD and Fiber-Optic Gyroscope-Based Mobile Optoelectronic Tracking System

In the mobile optoelectronic tracking system (MOTS) based on charge-coupled device (CCD) and fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG), the tracking performance (TP) and anti-disturbance ability (ADA) characterized by boresight error are of equal importance. Generally, the position tracking loop, limited by the image integration time of CCD, would be subject to a non-negligible delay and low-sampling rate, which could not minimize the boresight error. Although the FOG-based velocity loop could enhance the ADA of the system, it is still insufficient in the case of some uncertain disturbances. In this paper, a feedforward control method based on the results of error and disturbance observation was proposed. The error observer (EOB) based on the CCD data and model output essentially combined the low-frequency tracking feedforward and closed-loop disturbance observer (DOB), which could simultaneously enhance the low-frequency TP and ADA. In addition, in view of the poor low-frequency performance of the FOG due to drift and noise that may result in the inaccuracy of the observed low-frequency disturbance, the FOG-based DOB was used to improve the relatively high-frequency ADA. The proposed method could make EOB and DOB complementary and help to obtain a high-precision MOTS, for in practical engineering, we give more attention to the low-frequency TP and full-band ADA. Simulations and experiments demonstrated that the proposed method was valid and had a much better performance than the traditional velocity and position double-loop control (VPDC)

Long non‐coding RNA PCAT6 targets miR‐204 to modulate the chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells to 5‐fluorouracil‐based treatment through HMGA2 signaling

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the third most common cancer in the world with a limited prognosis due to the chemoresistance of CRC cells to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based chemotherapy. In our previous study, we revealed that miR‐204 overexpression could sensitize CRC cell to 5‐FU treatment through targeting HMGA2/PI3K signaling pathway; however, miR‐204 expression in CRC tissues is abnormally downregulated. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) dysregulation has been reported in human diseases, including cancer. Also, lncRNA can regulate cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, as well as chemoresistance. LncRNA prostate cancer‐associated transcript 6 (PCAT6) acts as an oncogene in many cancers; herein, PCAT6 expression was abnormally upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines, suggesting its potential role in CRC. Further, we assessed the specific function and mechanism of PCAT6 in CRC. Furthermore, we revealed that PCAT6 knockdown attenuated CRC chemoresistance to 5‐FU through miR‐204/HMGA2/PI3K; miR‐204 inhibition could partially reverse the effect of PCAT6 knockdown. Taken together, we demonstrate that the abnormal PCAT6 overexpression inhibits miR‐204 expression in CRC, thereby promoting HMGA2/PI3K signaling activity, ultimately enhancing the chemoresistance of CRC cells to 5‐FU; PCAT6 represents a promising target for dealing with CRC chemoresistance

Transcriptome Analysis of Integument Differentially Expressed Genes in the Pigment Mutant (<i>quail</i>) during Molting of Silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i>

<div><p>In the silkworm <i>Bombyx mori</i>, pigment mutants with diverse body colors have been maintained throughout domestication for about 5000 years. The silkworm larval body color is formed through the mutual interaction of melanin, ommochromes, pteridines and uric acid. These pigments/compounds are synthesized by the cooperative action of various genes and enzymes. Previous reports showed that melanin, ommochrome and pteridine are increased in silkworm <i>quail</i> (<i>q</i>) mutants. To understand the pigment increase and alterations in pigment synthesis in <i>q</i> mutant, transcriptome profiles of the silkworm integument were investigated at 16 h after head capsule slippage in the fourth molt in <i>q</i> mutants and wild-type (Dazao). Compared to the wild-type, 1161 genes were differentially expressed in the <i>q</i> mutant. Of these modulated genes, 62.4% (725 genes) were upregulated and 37.6% (436 genes) were downregulated in the <i>q</i> mutant. The molecular function of differently expressed genes was analyzed by Blast2GO. The results showed that upregulated genes were mainly involved in protein binding, small molecule binding, transferase activity, nucleic acid binding, specific DNA-binding transcription factor activity and chromatin binding, while exclusively down-expressed genes functioned in oxidoreductase activity, cofactor binding, tetrapyrrole binding, peroxidase activity and pigment binding. We focused on genes related to melanin, pteridine and ommochrome biosynthesis; transport of uric acid; and juvenile hormone metabolism because of their importance in integument coloration during molting. This study identified differently expressed genes implicated in silkworm integument formation and pigmentation using silkworm <i>q</i> mutant. The results estimated the number and types of genes that drive new integument formation.</p></div

Appearance of <i>quail</i> mutant (<i>q</i>/<i>q</i>) and the wild-type strain (Dazao) at different developmental stages.

<p>(A) Right, <i>q</i>/<i>q</i> mutant; left, wild-type Dazao at fourth molting larval stage, newly molted fifth stage larvae, and day 3 fifth instar insects. Red square, crescent marking; green square, star marking. Bars = 1 cm. (B) Magnified images of larval crescent marking and star spot marking at different developmental stages.</p

Relative gene expression.

<p>(A) Sequencing results. (B) Real-time quantitative PCR results. RPKM, reads per kb per million reads; PAH, phenylalanine hydroxylase; GTPCH I, GTP cyclohydrolase I; KFM, kynurenine formamidase; PHS, phenoxazinone synthetase.</p

Differentially expressed genes in pigment pathways.

<p>(A) Simplified and synthetic melanin; (B) pteridine; (C) ommochrome pathways. Red, upregulated genes; green, downregulated genes in <i>quail</i> mutant. PAH, phenylalanine hydroxylase; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; DAT, dopamine acetyltransferase; DOPA, dihydroxyphenylalanine; NADA, N-acetyl dopamine; NBAD, N-β-alanyl dopamine; PO, phenoloxidases; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; GTPCH I, GTP cyclohydrolase I; NBH₂, dihydroneopterin triphosphate; BH₄, tetrahydrobiopterin; TRPO, tryptophan pyrrolase; KFM, kynurenine formamidase; KMO, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase; PHS, phenoxazinone synthetase.</p

Functional categories of differentially expressed genes in <i>quail</i> mutant.

<p>Differentially expressed genes were categorized by molecular function. Bars, number of genes. Upregulated or downregulated genes based on Blast2GO analysis were tested for enrichment in specific functional categories.</p